Evaluating Recession Risks During a Bear Market & Inflation

City National Bank provides investment management services through its wholly owned subsidiary City National Rochdale, LLC, a registered investment advisor. Content from the October 27, 2022 presentation, "October 2022 Market Update" is reprinted by permission from City National Rochdale.

The information presented does not involve the rendering of personalized investment, financial, legal or tax advice. This presentation is not an offer to buy  or sell, or a solicitation of any offer to buy or sell, any of the securities mentioned herein.

The material contains forward-looking statements regarding intent, beliefs or current expectations, which are used for informational purposes only and do  not reflect actual results. These statements are based primarily upon a hypothetical set of assumptions applied to certain historical financial information  that has been provided by third-party sources and, although believed to be reliable, the information has not been independently verified and its accuracy or  completeness cannot be guaranteed. The opinions, projections, forecasts and forward-looking statements expressed are also valid as of the date of this  document and are subject to change based on market and other conditions.

There are inherent risks with fixed income investing. These risks may include interest rate, call, credit, market, inflation, government policy, liquidity or junk  bond risks. When interest rates rise, bond prices fall. This risk is heightened with investments in longer-duration fixed income securities and during periods  when prevailing interest rates are low or negative.

There are inherent risks with equity investing. These risks include, but are not limited to, stock market, manager or investment style. Stock markets tend to  move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

Investing in international markets carries risks such as currency fluctuation, regulatory risks, and economic and political instability. Emerging markets  involve heightened risks related to the same factors, as well as increased volatility, lower trading volume and less liquidity. Emerging markets can have  greater custodial and operational risks and less developed legal and accounting systems than developed markets.

Concentrating assets in the real estate sector or REITs may disproportionately subject a portfolio to the risks of that industry, including the loss of value  because of adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. Investments in REITs may be subject to increased price  volatility and liquidity risk; concentration risk is high.

Investments in below-investment-grade debt securities, which are usually called “high yield” or “junk bonds,” are typically in weaker financial health. Such  securities can be harder to value and sell, and their prices can be more volatile than more highly rated securities. While these securities generally have  higher rates of interest, they also involve greater risk of default than do securities of a higher-quality rating.

The yields and market values of municipal securities may be more affected by changes in tax rates and policies than similar income-bearing taxable  securities. Certain investors' incomes may be subject to the Federal Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT), and taxable gains are also possible.

Investments in the municipal securities of a particular state or territory may be subject to the risk that changes in the economic conditions of that state or  territory will negatively impact performance. These events may include severe financial difficulties and continued budget deficits, economic or political  policy changes, tax base erosion, state constitutional limits on tax increases and changes in the credit ratings.

Indices are unmanaged, and one cannot invest directly in an index. Index returns do not reflect a deduction for fees or expenses.

The 4P analysis is a proprietary framework for global equity allocation. Country rankings are derived from a subjective metrics system that combines the  economic data for such countries with other factors including fiscal policies, demographics, innovative growth and corporate growth. These rankings are  subjective and may be derived from data that contain inherent limitations. MSCI Emerging Markets Asia Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization  index that is designed to measure equity market performance in the Asian emerging markets.

The MSCI EAFE Index (Europe, Australasia, Far East) is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure the equity market  performance of developed markets, excluding the U.S. & Canada. As of June 2007, the MSCI EAFE Index consisted of the following 21 developed market  country indices: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand,  Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

The MSCI Europe Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure developed market equity performance in Europe. As  of September 2002, the MSCI Europe Index consisted of the following 16 developed market country indices: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,  Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

The MSCI World is a market cap weighted stock market index of 1,655[1] stocks from companies throughout the world. The components can be found  here.[2] It is maintained by MSCI, formerly Morgan Stanley Capital International, and is used as a common benchmark for “world” or “global” stock funds  intended to represent a broad cross-section of global markets.

The Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index (MCSI) is a monthly survey of U.S. consumer confidence levels conducted by the University of Michigan. It is  based on telephone surveys that gather information on consumer expectations regarding the overall economy.

Muni Bond: A municipal bond is a debt security issued by a state, municipality or county to finance its capital expenditures, including the construction  of highways, bridges or schools. These bonds can be thought of as loans that investors make to local governments.

The Barclays Aggregate Bond Index is composed of U.S. government, mortgage-backed, asset-backed and corporate fixed income securities with  maturities of one year or more.

The Barclays High Yield Municipal Index covers the high yield portion of the U.S.-dollar-denominated long-term tax-exempt bond market. The index has  four main sectors: state and local general obligation bonds, revenue bonds, insured bonds and pre-refunded bonds.

The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Treasury Index is an unmanaged index of prices of U.S. Treasury bonds with maturities of one to 30 years.

The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Corporate Bond Index is an unmanaged market-value-weighted index of investment-grade corporate fixed-rate debt issues

with maturities of one year or more.

The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Corporate High Yield Index is an unmanaged, U.S.-dollar-denominated, nonconvertible, non-investment-grade debt index.  The index consists of domestic and corporate bonds rated Ba and below with a minimum outstanding amount of $150 million.

The Bloomberg Barclays Emerging Markets USD Aggregate Index tracks total returns for external-currency-denominated debt instruments of the  emerging markets. Countries covered are Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Ecuador, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Russia and  Venezuela.

The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Agency Bond Index is a rules-based, market-value-weighted index engineered to measure investment-grade agency  securities publicly issued by U.S. government agencies. Mortgage-backed securities are excluded.

S&P Leveraged Loan Indexes (S&P LL indexes) are capitalization-weighted syndicated loan indexes based upon market weightings, spreads and interest  payments. The S&P/LSTA Leveraged Loan 100 Index (LL100) dates back to 2002 and is a daily tradable index for the U.S. market that seeks to mirror the market-weighted performance of the largest institutional leveraged loans, as determined by criteria. Its ticker on Bloomberg is SPBDLLB.

The Dow Jones Select Dividend Index seeks to represent the top 100 U.S. stocks by dividend yield. The index is derived from the Dow Jones U.S. Index and  generally consists of 100 dividend-paying stocks that have five-year non-negative Dividend Growth, five-year Dividend Payout Ratio of 60% or less, and  three-month average daily trading volume of at least 200,000 shares.

The Bloomberg Commodity Total Return Index, formerly known as Dow Jones-UBS Commodity Index Total Return (DJUBSTR), is composed of futures  contracts and reflects the returns on a fully collateralized investment in the BCOM. This combines the returns of the BCOM with the returns on cash  collateral invested in 13-week (three-month) U.S. Treasury Bills.

The Corporate Emerging Market Bond Index (CEMBI) is J.P. Morgan's index of U.S.-dollar-denominated debt issued by emerging market corporations.

The Standard & Poor’s Small Cap 600 Index (S&P 600) measures the small-cap segment of the U.S. equity market. The index is designed to track companies  that meet specific inclusion criteria to ensure that they are liquid and financially viable.

Nasdaq 100 Index is an index composed of the 100 largest, most actively traded U.S. companies listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange.

The U.S. Treasury 10-year Note is a debt obligation issued by the United States government that matures in 10 years. A 10-year Treasury Note pays  interest at a fixed rate once every six months and pays the face value to the holder at maturity.

The Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) composite is a market composite made up of all the A shares and B shares that trade on the Shanghai Stock Exchange.

Brent Crude is a major trading classification of sweet light crude oil that serves as a major benchmark price for purchases of oil worldwide. This grade is  described as light because of its relatively low density, and sweet because of its sulfur content.

Employment Index: U.S. jobs with the exception of farmwork, unincorporated self-employment, and employment by private households, the military, and  intelligence agencies.

A consumer price index (CPI) measures changes in the price level of a market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. The CPI is a  statistical estimate constructed using the prices of a sample of representative items whose prices are collected periodically.

The “core” Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index is defined as prices excluding food and energy prices. The core PCE price index measures  the prices paid by consumers for goods and services without the volatility caused by movements in food and energy prices to reveal underlying inflation.

The S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Indexes are a group of indexes that track changes in home prices throughout the United States. The indexes are based on  a constant level of data on properties that have undergone at least two arm's length transactions.

The ISM Manufacturing Index is based on surveys of more than 300 manufacturing firms by the Institute for Supply Management (ISM). The ISM  Manufacturing Index monitors employment, production, inventories, new orders and supplier deliveries. A composite diffusion index monitors conditions in  national manufacturing and is based on the data from these surveys.

The ISM Non-Manufacturing Index is an index based on surveys of more than 400 non-manufacturing firms' purchasing and supply executives, within 60  sectors across the nation, by the Institute of Supply Management (ISM). The ISM Non-Manufacturing Index tracks economic data, like the ISM Non-  Manufacturing Business Activity Index. A composite diffusion index is created based on the data from these surveys, that monitors economic conditions of  the nation.

The Palmer Square CLO Senior Debt Index (ticker: CLOSE) and Palmer Square CLO Debt Index (ticker: CLODI) seek to reflect the investable universe for

U.S. dollar denominated collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”).

The Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) is an American company that owns and operates financial and commodity marketplaces and exchanges.  Indices are unmanaged, and one cannot invest directly in an index. Index returns do not reflect a deduction for fees or expenses.

Yield to Worst: The lower of the yield to maturity or the yield to call. It is essentially the lowest potential rate of return for a bond, excluding delinquency or  default.

Investments in emerging markets bonds may be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the bonds of governments, government  agencies, and government-owned corporations located in more developed foreign markets. Emerging markets bonds can have greater custodial and  operational risks, and less developed legal and accounting systems than developed markets.

Equity investing strategies & products: There are inherent risks with equity investing. These risks include, but are not limited to stock market, manager, or

investment style. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.

Fixed-Income investing strategies & products: There are inherent risks with fixed income investing. These risks may include interest rate, call, credit,  market, inflation, government policy, liquidity, or junk bond. When interest rates rise, bond prices fall. This risk is heightened with investments in longer  duration fixed-income securities and during periods when prevailing interest rates are low or negative.

CNR Proprietary Quality Ranking: City National Rochdale Proprietary Quality Ranking is the weighted average sum of securities held in the strategy versus  the S&P 500 at the sector level using the below footnoted formula.

City National Rochdale Proprietary Quality Ranking formula: 40% Dupont Quality (return on equity adjusted by debt levels),  15% Earnings Stability (volatility of earnings), 15% Revenue Stability (volatility of revenue), 15% Cash Earnings Quality (cash

flow vs. net income of company) 15% Balance Sheet Quality (fundamental strength of balance sheet). *Source: City National

Rochdale proprietary ranking system utilizing MSCI and FactSet data. **Rank is a percentile ranking approach whereby 100  is the highest possible score and 1 is the lowest. The City National Rochdale Core compares the weighted average holdings of  the strategy to the companies in the S&P 500 on a sector basis.

Earnings Stability: Earnings stability is a measure of how consistently those earnings have been generated over time. Stable earnings growth typically  occurs in industries where growth has a more predictable pattern.

Revenue Stability: Recurring revenue is the portion of a company’s revenue that is expected to continue in the future. Unlike one-off sales, these revenues

are predictable, stable and can be counted on to occur at regular intervals going forward with a relatively high degree of certainty.

Investments in commodities can be very volatile, and direct investment in these markets can be very risky, especially for inexperienced investors.  Returns include the reinvestment of interest and dividends.

All investing is subject to risk, including the possible loss of the money you invest. As with any investment strategy, there is no guarantee that investment  objectives will be met, and investors may lose money. Diversification may not protect against market risk or loss. Past performance is no guarantee of  future performance.

Please see the Offering Memorandum for more complete information regarding the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, fees and other expenses.

Alternative investments are speculative, entail substantial risks, offer limited or no liquidity and are not suitable for all investors. These investments have  limited transparency to the funds’ investments and may involve leverage, which magnifies both losses and gains, including the risk of loss of the entire  investment. Alternative investments have varying and lengthy lockup provisions.

This information is not intended as a recommendation to invest in a particular asset class, strategy or product.

The information presented is for illustrative purposes only and based on various assumptions which may not be realized. No representation or warranty is  made as to the reasonableness of the assumptions made or that all assumptions used have been stated or fully considered.

Estimated returns are based on multiple sources of historical market index data input into proprietary quantitative models specific to each asset class (e.g.,  equity, fixed income, etc.), then adjusted for fundamental inputs such as yield, earnings growth, risk premiums, valuation, historical reversion, and market  implied expectations. Finally, we further adjust the estimated returns with our economic forecasts on market conditions and long-term expectations (which  include economic growth, inflation and interest rates, among other important inputs).

Performance does not represent the results of actual trading, but was achieved by means of retroactive application of a model designed with the benefit of  hindsight. Results may not reflect the impact that material economic and market factors might have on the adviser’s decision-making if adviser were  actually managing client assets.

This document may contain forward-looking statements relating to the objectives, opportunities, and the future performance of the U.S. market generally.  Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of such words as; “expect,” “estimated,” “potential” and other similar terms. Examples of forward-  looking statements include, but are not limited to, estimates with respect to financial condition, results of operations, and success or lack of success of any  particular investment strategy. All are subject to various factors, including, but not limited to, general and local economic conditions, changing levels of  competition within certain industries and markets, changes in interest rates, changes in legislation or regulation, and other economic, competitive,  governmental, regulatory and technological factors affecting a portfolio’s operations that could cause actual results to differ materially from projected  results. Such statements are forward-looking in nature and involve a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, and accordingly,  actual results may differ materially from those reflected or contemplated in such forward-looking statements. Prospective investors are cautioned not to  place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements or examples. None of City National Rochdale nor any of its affiliates or principals nor any other  individual or entity assumes any obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, subsequent events or any other  circumstances. All statements made herein speak only as of the date that they were made.

Past performance is not necessarily an indication of future results.

All investment strategies have the potential for profit or loss; changes in investment strategies, contributions or withdrawals may materially alter the  performance and results of a portfolio. Different types of investments involve varying degrees of risk, and there can be no assurance that any specific  investment will be suitable or profitable for a client's investment portfolio.

References to indexes and benchmarks in hypothetical illustrations of aggregate returns do not reflect the performance of any actual investment. Investors  cannot invest in an index, and such returns do not reflect the deduction of the advisor's fees or other trading expenses. There can be no assurance that  current investments will be profitable. Actual realized returns will depend on, among other factors, the value of assets and market conditions at the time of  disposition, any related transaction costs, and the timing of the purchase. Indexes and benchmarks may not directly correlate or only partially relate to  portfolios, as they have different underlying investments and may use different strategies or have different objectives than our strategies or funds.

CNR is free from any political affiliation and does not support any political party or group over another.